Εικόνα: )
As part of ACES (the ALMA CMZ Exploration Survey), the team was able to determine the chemical composition of this molecular gas, detecting dozens of different molecules. These ranged from complex organic molecules like methanol and ethanol to simple molecules like silicon monoxide.
"The CMZ hosts some of the most massive stars known in our galaxy, many of which live fast and die young, ending their lives in powerful supernova explosions, and even hypernovas," ACES leader and John Moores University researcher Steve Longmore explained in the statement. "By studying how stars are born in the CMZ, we can also gain a clearer picture of how galaxies grew and evolved.
"We believe the region shares many features with galaxies in the early universe, where stars were forming in chaotic, extreme environments."
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A view of the Milky Way's heart with a boxout showing the enlarged portion that was recently imaged.
The central molecular zone and its location in the Milky Way. (Image credit: ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Longmore et al. Stars in inset: ESO/D. Minniti et al. Milky Way: ESO/S. Guisard)
The CMZ is around the size of three full moons in the night sky, meaning even ALMA, composed of 66 radio antennas across the Atacama Desert regions of northern Chile, couldn't image it all at once. Representing the largest area that ALMA has ever observed, the resultant image was basically stitched together using smaller, individual observations.
"We anticipated a high level of detail when designing the survey, but we were genuinely surprised by the complexity and richness revealed in the final mosaic," ALMA astronomer Katharina Immer said in the statement.
The ACES research was published on Wednesday (Feb. 25) in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Robert Lea
Robert Lea
Senior Writer
Robert Lea is a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Rob holds a bachelor of science degree in physics and astronomy from the U.K.’s Open University. Follow him on Twitter @sciencef1rst.
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Πρωτότυπο κείμενο
(Image credit: ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Longmore et al. Background: ESO/D. Minniti et al.)
Η χρήση του μεγαλύτερου δικτύου ραδιοτηλεσκοπίων στον κόσμο, του ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array), επέτρεψε στους αστρονόμους να διεισδύσουν στην καρδιά του Γαλαξία μας με πρωτοφανή λεπτομέρεια. Η έρευνα αυτή επικεντρώθηκε στην Κεντρική Μοριακή Ζώνη (CMZ ), μια περιοχή πλάτους 650 ετών φωτός που περιβάλλει την κεντρική υπερμεγέθη μαύρη τρύπα, τον Τοξότη Α* (Sgr A*).
Τα κύρια ευρήματα της έρευνας
Η μελέτη, η οποία δημοσιεύθηκε στις 25 Φεβρουαρίου 2026, αποτελεί μέρος της επισκόπησης ACES (ALMA CMZ Exploration Survey) και αποκάλυψε τα εξής:
Πρόκειται για την πιο εκτενή εικόνα που έχει καταγράψει ποτέ το ALMA, δημιουργημένη από τη συρραφή πολλών επιμέρους παρατηρήσεων, καθώς η περιοχή CMZ έχει μέγεθος όσο τρία γεμάτα φεγγάρια στον νυχτερινό ουρανό.
Χημική Σύνθεση: Οι επιστήμονες ανίχνευσαν δεκάδες διαφορετικά μόρια, από απλές ενώσεις όπως το μονοξείδιο του πυριτίου έως πολύπλοκα οργανικά μόρια όπως η μεθανόλη και η αιθανόλη.
Ακραίο Περιβάλλον: Η CMZ φιλοξενεί μερικά από τα πιο μαζικά άστρα του γαλαξία μας, τα οποία ζουν γρήγορα και πεθαίνουν σε ισχυρές εκρήξεις σουπερνόβα ή ακόμα και υπερνόβα.
Κοσμολογική Σημασία: Η περιοχή παρουσιάζει χαρακτηριστικά παρόμοια με εκείνα των γαλαξιών στο πρώιμο σύμπαν, προσφέροντας μια ματιά στο πώς εξελίχθηκαν οι γαλαξίες σε χαοτικά και ακραία περιβάλλοντα.
Τεχνικές προδιαγραφές του ALMA
Το ALMA δεν είναι ένα ενιαίο τηλεσκόπιο , αλλά ένα δίκτυο που αποτελείται από 66 ραδιοκεραίες τοποθετημένες στην έρημο Ατακάμα της βόρειας Χιλής. Η διάταξη αυτή επιτρέπει την παρατήρηση του ψυχρού αερίου και της σκόνης που είναι αόρατα στο ορατό φως , αποκαλύπτοντας τις δομές που καταρρέουν για να σχηματίσουν νέα άστρα.